Each year the Human Development Report (HDR) which is commissioned by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) presents a wealth of statistical information on different aspects of human development. The Human Development Report usually presents two types of statistics: the human development indicator tables, which – led by the human development index (HDI) – provide a global assessment of country achievements in different areas of human development and thematic statistical analysis in the chapters of the HDR.
The human development index focuses on three measurable dimensions of human development: living a long and healthy life, being educated and having a decent standard of living. Thus it combines measures of life expectancy, school enrolment, literacy and income to allow a broader view of a country's development than does income alone.
Although the HDI is a useful starting point, it is important to remember that the concept of human development is much broader and more complex than any summary measure can capture, even when supplemented by other indices. The HDI is not a comprehensive measure. It does not include important aspects of human development, notably the ability to participate in the decisions that affect one's life and to enjoy the respect of others in the community.
It is also important to note that the HDI is constructed using data from international sources. Sometimes more up-to-date data are available nationally, and sometimes there are slight differences in definitions between international and national data. For these and other reasons, discrepancies with national sources may occur. Text from http://hdr.undp.org
GREECE
JAPAN
Human Development Index Rank
24
11
Human development index
Human development index (HDI) value, 2003
0.912
0.943
Life expectancy at birth (years) (HDI), 2003
78.3
82.0
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above) (HDI), 2003
91.0 1
..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary schools (%), 2002/03
92
84
GDP per capita (PPP US$) (HDI), 2003
19,954
27,967
Life expectancy index
0.89
0.95
Education index
0.97
0.94
GDP index
0.88
0.94
GDP per capita (PPP US$) rank minus HDI rank
2
2
Demographic trends
Total population (millions), 1975
9.0
111.5
Total population (millions), 2003
11.1
127.7
Total population (millions), 2015
11.2
128.0
Annual population growth rate (%), 1975-2003
0.7
0.5
Annual population growth rate (%), 2003-2015
0.1
(.)
Urban population (% of total), 1975
55.3
56.8
Urban population (% of total), 2003
60.9
65.5
Urban population (% of total), 2015
65.2
67.7
Population under age 15 (% of total), 2003
14.6
14.2
Population under age 15 (% of total), 2015
13.5
13.3
Population age 65 and above (% of total), 2003
15.2
16.0
Population age 65 and above (% of total), 2015
19.3
26.0
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 1970-75
2.3
2.1
Total fertility rate (births per woman), 2000-05
1.3
1.3
Commitment to health: resources, access and services
Public health expenditure (% of GDP), 2002
5.0
6.5
Private health expenditure (% of GDP), 2002
4.5
1.4
Health expenditure per capita (PPP US$), 2002
1,814
2,133
Survival: progress and setbacks
Life expectancy at birth (years), 1970-1975
72.3
73.3
Life expectancy at birth (years), 2000-2005
78.2
81.9
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970
38
14
Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2003
4
3
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 1970
54
21
Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 live births), 2003
5
4
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, female (% of cohort), 2000-2005
91.5
93.3
Probability at birth of surviving to age 65, male (% of cohort), 2000-2005
82.0
85.7
Maternal mortality ratio reported (per 100,000 live births), 1985-2003
1
8
Maternal mortality ratio adjusted (per 100,000 live births), 2000
9
10
Commitment to education: public spending
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 1990
2.4
..
Public expenditure on education (as % of GDP), 2000-2002
4.0
3.6
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government expenditure), 1990
..
..
Public expenditure on education (as % of total government expenditure), 2000-2002
..
10.5
Public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 1990
34.1
..
Public expenditure on education, pre-primary and primary (as % of all levels), 2000-2002
27.5
38.2
Public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 1990
45.1
..
Public expenditure on education, secondary (% of all levels), 2000-2002
34.1
39.8
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 1990
19.5
..
Public expenditure on education, tertiary (% of all levels), 2000-2002
32.4
14.9
Literacy and enrolment
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above), 1990
94.9
..
Adult literacy rate (% ages 15 and above), 2003
91.0
..
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15-24), 1990
99.5
..
Youth literacy rate (% ages 15-24), 2003
99.5
..
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 1990/91
95
100
Net primary enrolment ratio (%), 2002/03
99
100
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 1990/91
83
97
Net secondary enrolment ratio (%), 2002/03
86
101
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 1990/91
100
100
Children reaching grade 5 (%), 2001/02
..
..
Tertiary students in science, math and engineering (% of all tertiary students), 1998-2003
30 2
20
Technology: diffusion and creation
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 1990
389
441
Telephone mainlines (per 1,000 people), 2003
454
472
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 1990
0
7
Cellular subscribers (per 1,000 people), 2003
902
679
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 1990
0
(.)
Internet users (per 1,000 people), 2003
150
483
Patents granted to residents (per million people), 2002
30
852
Receipts of royalties and license fees (US$ per person), 2003
1.7
96.3
Research and development (R&D) expenditures (as % of GDP), 1997-2002
0.6
3.1
Researchers in R&D (per million people), 1990-2003
1,357
5,085
Economic performance
GDP (US$ billions), 2003
172.2
4,300.9
GDP (PPP US$ billions), 2003
220.2
3,567.8
GDP per capita (US$), 2003
15,608
33,713
GDP per capita (PPP US$), 2003
19,954
27,967
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1975-2003
1.0
2.4
GDP per capita annual growth rate (%), 1990-2003
2.1
1.0
GDP per capita, highest value (PPP US$), 1975-2003
19,954
27,967
GDP per capita, year of highest value
2003
2003
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 1990-2003
7.2
0.4
Average annual change in consumer price index (%), 2002-03
3.5
-0.3
The structure of trade
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990
28
9
Imports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2003
28
10
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 1990
18
10
Exports of goods and services (% of GDP), 2003
20
12
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990
46
3
Primary exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003
40
3
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990
54
96
Manufactured exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003
58
93
High-technology exports (% of merchandise exports), 1990
2
24
High-technology exports (% of merchandise exports), 2003
12
24
Terms of trade (1980=100), 2002
71
145
Priorities in public spending
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 1990
2.4
..
Public expenditure on education (% of GDP), 2000-2002
4.0
3.6
Public expenditure on health (% of GDP), 2002
5.0
6.5
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 1990
4.7
0.9
Military expenditure (% of GDP), 2003
4.1
1.0
Gender-related development index
Gender-related development index (GDI) rank, 2003
24
14
Gender-related development index (GDI) value, 2003
0.907
0.937
Life expectancy at birth, female (years), 2003
80.9
85.4
Life expectancy at birth, male (years), 2003
75.6
78.4
Adult literacy rate, female (% ages 15 and above), 2003
88.3 4
..
Adult literacy rate, male (% ages 15 and above), 2003
94.0 4
..
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary level schools, female (%) , 2002/03
93
83
Combined gross enrolment ratio for primary, secondary and tertiary level schools, male (%) , 2002/03
91
85
Estimated earned income, female (PPP US$), 2003
12,531
17,795
Estimated earned income, male (PPP US$), 2003
27,591
38,612
HDI rank minus GDI rank, 2003
0
-3
Gender empowerment measure
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) rank
36
43
Gender empowerment measure (GEM) value
0.594
0.534
Seats in parliament held by women (% of total)
14.0
9.3
Female legislators, senior officials and managers (% of total)
26
10
Female professional and technical workers (% of total)
